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SA’s ‘incomes-based’ education system perpetuates inequality
More often than not, education is a great engine of social division, a system that ensures that the daughter of the peasant becomes a call- centre temp; that the son of the mineworker becomes a street sweeper; and that the child of farm workers becomes a domestic servant. In SA today, education is perpetuating inequality, not ending it.
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More often than not, education is a great engine of social division, a system that ensures that the daughter of the peasant becomes a call- centre temp; that the son of the mineworker becomes a street sweeper; and that the child of farm workers becomes a domestic servant.
In SA today, education is perpetuating inequality, not ending it.
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99,5% of white students passed, with 73,9% attaining adequate grades for university entrance, whereas only 53% of black students passed, with 13% at university entrance level
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it is wealth, not discrimination based on skin colour, that limits life chances
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Those who can pay high school and university fees buy a real chance at making a success of life. The rest must be sublimely talented and lucky to escape unemployment or grindingly monotonous work
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Mandela himself was raised by the Thembu paramount chief, who could afford to educate him
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Prof Brahm Fleisch of Wits University has described the “bimodal distribution of achievement” in South African education, meaning that there are a fair number of kids doing really well, a great deal doing very poorly and a small amount in the middle.
What is this two-humped camel if not the perpetuation of educational apartheid?
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Abby’s Line: Class Structures in the US vs. Chile
In Chile, especially in Santiago, the education system is strictly divided along class lines.
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In Chile, especially in Santiago, the education system is strictly divided along class lines.
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in the poorer comunas, the schools are horrible because they don’t have enough funding.
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In the richer comunas, the schools are much better. The middle sectors of the population attend subsidized private schools, …. These schools are allowed to charge tuition, so unless a child receives a beca (scholarship), the poorest sectors of society are not able to attend these schools.
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The richest sectors attend private schools (particulares), funded completely from private tuition payments.
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In Chile, the class system is very rigid. If you are born poor, you will die poor, as will your children and your children’s children. This is because from the get-go, the education system, paired with Chile’s inherent classism, does not give the children of poor people a fighting chance. If they graduate from high school, it is very unlikely that they will be able to attend one of the traditional universities (or any university for that matter), and there are employers who literally will not hire anyone unless they have attended La Catolica or UChile. This means that the same small percentage of well-off Chileans are getting the good-paying jobs, while the vast majority of the population continues to just scrape by.
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Equality, not education, is the key to individual transformation | Lynsey Hanley | Comment is free | The Guardian
Political parties fail to understand or address the root causes of the country’s failing education system
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Politicians on both sides talk of education as the key to individual and social transformation – as Michael Gove put in his
conference speech, “the opportunity to choose [one’s] own destiny” – but none properly address the link between education and social segregation.
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This week,
figures released by the University and College Union have shown the extent to which Britain is polarised by access to education, money, safe surroundings or their lack. Dividing the data available on qualifications by parliamentary constituency allows you to see the vast discrepancies between areas. In Bootle, for instance, you’re far more likely to have no GCSEs than to have a degree, whereas in much of the south-east the opposite holds true.
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“They’ve no aspirations to achieve better.” Whether she’s right or not depends on the context. The man expressing disbelief that the grass verges were finally getting cut didn’t necessarily start out lacking aspirations for himself and his area: he’d simply adapted his outlook according to the evidence before him.
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The Cambridge primary review’s key findings | Education | The Guardian
‘Let teachers control lessons, scrap Sats and homework, and raise starting age to six’
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poverty is the single biggest threat to children’s lives, the Cambridge review has found.
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The most entrenched problems are faced by children from disadvantaged homes
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Working for social mobility | Education | The Guardian
Universities cannot resolve the problems of inequality in society on their own
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Educational inequalities correlate closely with just about every other sort of inequality from income and employment to housing and health
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Many failing schools serve areas of deprivation, whereas research-intensive institutions take four-fifths of their students from better-off backgrounds. Both reflect and reproduce inequality.
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BBC News – Access to medical school ‘not widening’
Government attempts to widen access to the medical profession are failing, according to a report by doctors.
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The British Medical Association found that from 2003 to 2008, the number of medical school students from low-income backgrounds had risen by only 1.7%.
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About one in seven successful applicants is from the lowest economic groups, despite those groups making up just under half of the UK population
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there was also a gap in acceptance rates – 58% of applicants from the top socio-economic group obtained a place, but only 39% from the lowest group were successful.
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According to BMA research, the average estimated individual debt for a five-year medical degree course will reach £37,000.
She said: “This high cost presents a significant challenge to middle- and low-income families with children at medical school
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Highly able pupils do worse in deprived schools finds study – 05 – 2009 – News archive – News archive – News and media – Home
Highly able pupils in the most deprived state schools on average achieve half a grade less per GCSE than highly able pupils in the most advantaged schools, new research has found A report by researchers from the London School of Economics and Political Science suggests that one factor contributing to such differences is a ‘peer effect’ by which pupils benefit from being educated with other pupils with high levels of attainment, and low levels of deprivation.
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Lee Elliot Major on social mobility | Education | guardian.co.uk
Lee Elliot Major, research director of education charity the Sutton Trust, on new research on how social class affects academic success
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Analysis: Snakes and ladders | Education | The Guardian
Despite an apparent opening up, there is growing evidence that Britain is becoming a less socially mobile society. So is equality an illusion?
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well-off parents tend to go on assisting their children long after they leave education. They deploy their implicit knowledge of how the world works, their contacts. They have what the late French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu called social capital, long before that phrase became fashionable. The social set-up in one generation reproduces itself remarkably faithfully in the next.
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The illusion of equality marries the myth of meritocracy – you can get to the top, my girl, on the strength of your talent.
No: you get to the top because daddy or mummy is already there. Taking children born in 1958 and comparing how they turned out with children born in 1970, researchers found parents’ earnings a strong indicator of where children end up on the income scale. It seems to have become stronger. In other words, if you come from a well-off family you too are likely to head a well-off family. (This is the principal finding by a team led by Stephen Machin of University College, London.)
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Kelly launches literacy drive | Education | guardian.co.uk
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it appears that we have not managed to narrow the gap between the attainment of children from lower and higher income families.”
The minister’s speech follows recent research from the Sutton Trust charity which found that social mobility in the UK has fallen since the 1960s.
Dr Tessa Stone, director of the Sutton Trust, said: “In Britain, social mobility is declining,” adding that the strongest predictor of a child’s educational attainment was now their parents’ education and experience.
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From college to job, poorer students face a squeeze | Education | The Guardian
Exam results have risen, the number of failing schools has fallen and classrooms are better staffed than they have ever been. A decade-long drive to improve educational standards has lifted the education system, but left children in the poorest areas and schools behind, creating a starker educational gap that means social mobility is at a standstill.
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Wages influenced by family background, says study | Education | guardian.co.uk
Britain has become a less meritocratic society, with people’s earnings determined more strongly by family background than they used to be, an in-depth study by economists has revealed.
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The study pinpoints the cause as the rapid expansion of higher education in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which was taken up much more strongly by the children (especially daughters) of well-off families and safeguarded their future earnings.
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The view that anyone can make it in Tony Blair’s Britain is undermined by four academics from the London School of Economics’ centre for economic performance. They compared the fortunes of two groups of children born in 1958 and 1970. They found there was much less mobility among the people who grew up in the 1970s and 1980s – a time when the gap between rich and poor rose rapidly – and those who were brought up in the 1960s and 1970s, before the election of Margaret Thatcher’s government. Their paper, presented to the Royal Economic Society conference at Warwick University, found that fewer children from the poorest families rose to the top, and the gap between earnings of the sons of the rich and the sons of the poor widened.
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“We have found evidence that this fall in mobility can partly be accounted for by the fact that a greater share of the rapid educational upgrading of the British population has been focused on people with richer parents. This unequal increase in educational attainment is thus one factor that has acted to reinforce more strongly the link between earnings and income of children and their parents,” they said.
The LSE economists warned: “This is an unintended consequence of the expansion of the university system that occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s
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全国学力テスト分析、親の収入高いほど高学力 : ニュース : 教育 : YOMIURI ONLINE（読売新聞）
昨年度の全国学力テストの結果を、文部科学省の委託を受けたお茶の水女子大の耳塚寛明教授らが分析した結果、そんな傾向が出ていることが４日、明らかになった。全国学力テストの結果と親の所得の関連を追った調査は初めて。絵本の読み聞かせなども成績向上に効果があり、耳塚教授は「経済格差が招く学力格差を緩和するカギになる」と話している。
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世帯収入と平均正答率（国語と算数）の関係を見ると、高所得ほど正答率も高い傾向がみられ、最も平均正答率が高かったのは、１２００万円以上１５００万円未満の世帯。２００万円未満の世帯と比べると平均正答率に２０ポイントの開きがあった。
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世帯年収高いほど高学力 ０８年学力テストの小６ – 47NEWS（よんななニュース）
昨年実施した全国学力テストの公立小６年生の結果について追加調査した文部科学省の専門家会議は４日、保護者の年収が高い世帯ほど子どもの学力が高いとする調査結果を報告した。年収１２００万円以上では国語、算数とも正答率が平均より８～１０ポイント高く、２００万円未満は逆に１０ポイント以上低かった。所得の高低により算数（Ｂ問題）で最大２３ポイントの差が開いた。
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学校外の教育費支出を調べたところ「月に５万円以上」は、算数Ｂの正答率が７１・２％だったが、「支出なし」は４４・４％で２６・８ポイントの差。専門家会議は「年収が高いほど塾など子どもの教育費に投資するため、差が生じた」と分析している。
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時事ドットコム：子ども手当で教育格差拡大も＝「塾通い・貯蓄」、所得層で違い－民間調査
民間調査会社「日本リサーチセンター」（東京）が１２日まとめた調査によると、鳩山政権が来年度から実施する方針の子ども手当について、比較的所得の低い層で貯蓄や生活費に使う、高所得層で塾通いなどに充てるとする回答が目立った。同センターは「将来の学力や教養などの格差を助長する可能性がある」と指摘している。
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Ichinichibana 